Editor’s note: Eric has excerpted this post from his forthcoming book Doomed.
It’s a strange but true thing that one of the last real muscle cars was, here it comes—a Buick.
The 1973-1974 Century GS Stage 1 455.
You have probably never heard of it, even if you are a car guy. Buick sold more of them than Pontiac did with the much-better-known 1973-’74 Super Duty Trans-Am, the car that usually gets the honorific, last of the line.
The Century never got the attention it deserved, then or now.
But it was what Mark Twain might have called a sockdollager. Maybe even more so than the’ 73-’74 SD-455 Trans Am since the Stage 1 455 was, arguably, the last real muscle car.
Not to disparage the Trans-Am—it is merely a point of order.
The Trans-Am was, technically, a pony car—an emulator of the Mustang, which was the progenitor of that branch of the American performance car family tree. These cars still exist, including, of course, the Mustang as well as its Chevy nemesis, the Camaro.
Pony cars are smaller cars—compact-sized four-seat coupes.
They seat two realistically, four excruciatingly. The back seats are there but only just barely. Legroom’s absence is only part of the problem. The pony car’s lower and usually sharper roofline leaves scanty headroom for the unfortunate who attempts to sit back there. Sitting is more accurately described as assuming the form of a person performing a cannonball off the diving board at a pool.
Legs and head tucked.
There is also essentially no trunk. A’ 73’-74 Trans-Am had less than nine cubic feet of space back there, most of it consumed by the spare, which wasn’t even a full-sized spare. The Trans-Am was a wonderfully impractical car, which may explain why Pontiac sold fewer’ 73-74 SD-455 Trans-Ams (1,195 total) than Buick sold Century Stage 1 455s (1,206 total) throughout these cars’ two-year parallel production run.
The Century was an intermediate-sized car. A full-size car by modern car standards. It was 207.4 inches long and rode on a 112-inch wheelbase. That made it exactly as long overall as a 2020 BMW 7-Series, one of the biggest new sedans on the road today.
And the Stage 1 455 was a coupe.
That was the muscle car archetype—a big car with a bigger car’s engine. The Century Stage 1 had that, too—four hundred fifty-five cubic inches, matching the displacement of the 455 in the’ 73-’74 Trans-Am.
And almost matching its horsepower.
The Buick 455 made 270 horsepower and 390 ft.-lbs. of torque in 1973 vs. the SD-455’s 290 horsepower and the same 390 ft.-lbs. of torque.
In both cases, these were big numbers for 1973-’74. This was just before the advent of catalytic converters in 1975. There was not much more than 200 hp in any car for a long time to come after that.
Pontiac got lots of press for its ballsy decision to produce and offer for sale a new high-performance engine in the Trans-Am at a time when “performance” had become a bad word.
Buick got almost none, despite its arguably even ballsier decision to offer the Stage 1 455 option, which included heads with larger intake and exhaust valves, a performance camshaft, dual exhaust, and a dual-snorkel air cleaner ducting air to an 800 CFM Rochester Quadrajet four-barrel carb – underneath the hood of what had the gentle look of grampa’s car.
You could pair all that with a Muncie M21 manual transmission, too.
Imagine that! A coupe the size of a current full-sized sedan with a four-speed Hurst shifter in-between the front seats. Or not, if you chose the THM400 automatic and three-across bench seat.
With room in the back seats for three more of your lucky friends for six, all told, and a trunk big enough to hold a keg.
All of that supported by a full-perimeter steel frame onto which the body was bolted, with rubber biscuits sandwiched in between to isolate road shock and deliver that sofa-on-wheels-experience only a big car can deliver.
That was the muscle car formula and Buick did it up—and did it with air conditioning (which not many muscle cars had) and the usual Buick levels of comfort and refinement. It was not only the last muscle car. It was arguably one of the very first luxury-sport cars, too.
But it has faded into the mist of time, and after almost half a century, almost no one knows it ever existed—perhaps because its existence was so brief.
The Trans-Am SD-455 was discontinued after 1974 because that engine wasn’t compatible with catalytic converters or the political climate of the times. But the Trans-Am itself continued in mostly the same form through the 1981 model year. It became hugely popular during that period in part because of the Smokey & The Bandit movies. Its popularity also remained after 1975 because practically nothing was left that looked like a performance car, let alone performed like one.
Buick retained the “Colonnade” coupe styling penned by Bill Mitchell for another three years. The look arguably worked better with the federally-mandated “5 MPH bumpers” that marred the look of the Trans-Am. It had been designed earlier and thus looked as if the heavy bumpers had been tacked on after the fact—which they were instead of integrated with the shape, as the Buick.
Plus, those big chromed bumpers complemented the big car look.
But each year, various federally-mandated uglinesses marred the original clean design. The design itself was replaced for the 1978 model year with a downsized hatchback Century that closed the door forever on the big car/big-engined concept.
These cars ceased to exist after the last Century GS Stage 1 rolled off the line sometime in the late summer of 1974.
It behooves us to remember them—remember what a muscle car really was and hasn’t been since.
Buick Century GS Stage 1 Trivia:
- Although the GS was one of the hottest-performing cars of its time, car magazines such as Car & Driver, Road & Track, and Hot Rod didn’t publish road test reviews of the car.
- Motor Trend did cover the car and found it nearly as quick as the 1973 SD-455 Trans-Am, running a 15-second quarter-mile and achieving 60 in about 7 seconds. This was a remarkable performance given the Buick was much larger and several hundred pounds heavier.
- Like the ’73-74 Pontiac SD-455 engine, the Regal GS’s Stage 1 455 was a low-compression (8.5:1) engine, a necessary concession to the disappearance of regular leaded premium gas in favor of government-mandated unleaded, which lacked the octane needed by high-compression engines.
- The GS could be ordered with a factory-installed sunroof, something the Trans-Am never offered from the factory (though beginning in 1976, T-tops became available in the TA).
Eric Peters lives in Virginia and enjoys driving cars and motorcycles. In the past, Eric worked as a car journalist for many prominent mainstream media outlets. Currently, he focuses his time writing auto history books, reviewing cars, and blogging about cars+ for his website EricPetersAutos.com.
Editor’s Note: The opinions expressed in this article are those of the author.
Here are other excerpts from Doomed that have recently appeared on the National Motorists Association’s Blog:
If you have a memory of the forgotten muscle car, feel free to make a comment below or check out this post on the NMA Facebook page and begin the conversation.
it’s been a long time since I read what category my ’56 golden hawk fit in–352 cubes in a studebaker hardtop coupe body. had to be a muscle car, right?